Nonsmokers A Prospective Study Free Essays

In 2006, Rudolf bertagnoli and his group distributed an examination researching the impacts of smoking on patients who have experienced Lumbar absolute circle arthroplasty. â€Å"Smoking has consistently been considered to a negative indicator for combination surgery.† (Bertagnoli. We will compose a custom exposition test on Nonsmokers: A Prospective Study or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now R, 2006) Relatively few examinations have been embraced to watch impacts of smoking on the system of Total arthroplasty and the recuperation subsequently in smoking and non smoking patients. Some examination proposes that smoking forestalls or diminishes the bones capacity to develop into the prosthesis. Deferral in recuperation and diminishing in over all accomplishment of the implantation methodology have likewise been accused on smoking. (ProDisc Total Disk Replacement, 2008) â€Å"The point of the examination was to assess the progressions in practical and inability results inside a time of two years least in smoking and nonsmoking patients who have experienced the fake circle substitution therapy.† (Bertagnoli. R, 2006) The Null speculation and the Alternate theory proposed were as per the following. Invalid Hypothesis: Smoking has no impeding impact on accomplishment of fake circle substitution (ADR). Interchange Hypothesis: â€Å"Smoking detrimentally affects the accomplishment of fake circle substitution (ADR).† (Bertagnoli. R, 2006) A partner study was directed with an underlying example of 110 patients between March 2000 and April 2002. The consideration models for the testing included, smokers and non smokers, age between 18-65 years, â€Å"disabling low back torment and some radicular torment auxiliary to single-level lumbar spondylosis† (Bertagnoli. R, 2006) , patients experiencing least of multi year development and appraisal, and in conclusion disappointment of clinical treatment. They prohibited â€Å"patients with spinal stenosis, osteoporosis, earlier combination medical procedure, ceaseless contaminations, metal hypersensitivities, feature arthrosis, deficient vertebral endplate size, more than one degree of spondylosis, neuromuscular sickness, pregnancy, Workers’ Compensation, spinal case, weight record more noteworthy than 35, or potentially any isthmic.† (Bertagnoli. R, 2006) Patient’s smoking status was recorded through surveys. Preoperative parts of the lumbar oddity were recorded radiographically. Result estimations were recorded at third, sixth, twelfth and the 24th month in the wake of experiencing the technique. The methodology achievement and recuperation movement was noted utilizing the Visual Analog Score (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Polls recording the back torment, torment drugs utilization and patient fulfillment were additionally utilized. Preoperative and postoperative radiographical evaluation of the back was additionally used to watch the recuperation movement in both, the smoking and non smoking gathering of patients. Subordinate factors included Smoking and Non smoking gathering. While the autonomous factors included VAS, ODI, quiet fulfillment, leg torment, work rates (postoperative), and drugs utilized postoperatively. Measurable examination was done as it was discovered that despite the fact that there was critical changes among preoperative and postoperative variable like VAS, ODI, understanding fulfillment, help of leg torment work rate and so on yet no factually noteworthy contrasts were found between these results of smoking patients when contrasted and nonsmokers. Subsequently, the examination neglects to dismiss the invalid speculation, which despite everything stands, for example â€Å"Smoking has no hindering impact on accomplishment of counterfeit circle substitution (ADR).† (Bertagnoli. R, 2006) The examination was led in a controlled way avoided numerous bias.â But further investigations should be directed with bigger example sizes to additionally investigate the job of smoking assuming any, in the accomplishment of circle substitution. Additionally there is requirement for investigating the connection between blood levels of nicotine and accomplishment of strategy just as the impacts of smoking and markers of bone adherence to the prosthesis should be additionally directed. Couple of inquiries that ring a bell, if nicotine plays such incredible restraining impact on the bone and collagen development as the investigation claims, at that point why wasn’t the impact of smokingâ on development factors and their observing excluded from the examination. Additionally, if as the specialists guarantee, that nicotine analgesically affects tolerant, was it excluded as a part in the examination? REFERENCES Bertagnoli. R., Yue. J.J., Kershaw.T, Shah.R, V., Pfeiffer. F, Fenk-Mayer, An, et al. (2006). Lumbar Total Disk Arthroplasty Utilizing the ProDisc Prosthesis in Smokers versus Nonsmokers: A Prospective Study with 2-Year Minimum Follow-up. Spine, 3, 992-997. ProDisc Total Disk Replacement (2008).â Spine Service-Sydney, Australia, recovered on February 29th, 2008, from http://www.spine-service.org/dr.html ; ; ; ; ; Instructions to refer to Nonsmokers: A Prospective Study, Essay models

Global Integrated marketing communications Essay

Worldwide Integrated advertising correspondences - Essay Example the IMC is without a doubt significant yet not to indistinguishable levels from the MC is since the MC takes a gander at all the various edges of promoting the brand, which could be the item and additionally administration or a mix of both, in specific occurrences. The coordinated advertising effort can't be fruitful if the various expectations are not placed in an immediate manner towards the intended interest group; regardless of it is the essential one or the auxiliary objective market. The promoting plan anyway remains the key in such a circumstance and it can't be tallied, regardless of how troublesome the endeavors or executions of the IMC end up being. IMC and MC must go connected at the hip towards an effective execution of the item and additionally service’s message equipped towards the important objective crowd. Message consistency is to be sure a critical part of the incorporated promoting effort since the old battles may very well get blended in with the more up to date crusades that are presented by the important brand, which could either be an item or an assistance and at times, a half and half likewise attempts with some impact. The message must stay outfitted towards a chose target crowd as this guarantees there are no weaknesses with respect to the individuals for which the message is put out, in any case. With that, we should comprehend that an even IMC crusade hopes to plug the deficiencies which normally emerge in the wake of changing messages and when certain methodologies and strategies are altered for one explanation or the other. The reasons could be in abundance yet the most significant thing here to comprehend is the way that the message must stay synchronized and there are no twofold implications or implanted messages underneath the new battle presented by the item as well a s administration. Message consistency inside a powerful and productive IMC crusade recommends that the brand group has gotten its work done well and that there are no obstructions in its wake accomplishing momentary advantages and long haul, vital benefits. An IMC

Lies, Damned Lies, and Statistics

Lies, Damned Lies, and Statistics I do understand that human beings are not intuitively good at statistics. Daniel Kahneman won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2002 for showing, among other things, that people in general are terrible at statistical thinking. From Kahnemans Nobel biography: The standard example of a framing problem, which was developed quite early, is the lives saved, lives lost question, which offers a choice between two public-health programs proposed to deal with an epidemic that is threatening 600 lives: one program will save 200 lives, the other has a 1/3 chance of saving all 600 lives and a 2/3 chance of saving none. In this version, people prefer the program that will save 200 lives for sure. In the second version, one program will result in 400 deaths, the other has a 2/3 chance of 600 deaths and a 1/3 chance of no deaths. In this formulation most people prefer the gamble. If the same respondents are given the two problems on separate occasions, many give incompatible responses. When confronted with their inconsistency, people are quite embarrassed. They are also quite helpless to resolve the inconsistency. Still, just because other people are bad at statistics doesnt mean Ill accept that as an excuse from you as a prospective MIT applicant. Most MIT majors require or suggest a course in probability and/or statistics, so you might as well get a head start in statistical thinking now. First, a few facts on which to chew: 1. The overall admission rate for the class of 2009 was 14.3%. (From here.) 2. Applicants who interviewed (or had their interview waived) had a 19% admission rate; those who didnt interview had a 7% admission rate. (I dont have a citation for this, which is sketchy, so feel free not to believe me. But although I cant remember where I found the numbers, this is close enough to the truth for the purposes of this entry.) 3. Applicants with SAT scores in the 88th percentile (roughly a 1290 old SAT) have about a 5% admission rate, while those with perfect scores have about a 50% admission rate. (From here a very fun read, if youre into this kind of thing. I highly suggest it!) So does this mean that you can pour all of your personal data into some magic admissions algorithm and have it spit out a number which reflects your chances of getting into MIT? First of all, no. Moreover, it wouldnt matter if it could. For example, if the computer said that you had a 33% chance, that would mean that if you applied to MIT many times, you would expect to get in in approximately 1 in 3 tries. (And were not talking if you applied 3 times here. I think applying 500 times would probably give a good result, but I dont feel like playing around with Matlab to see if thats true.) Of course, you cant apply 500 times to MIT in a single year, or even in your lifetime, so its pointless to try and stick a number on your chances at MIT. I guess the moral of the story here is that no one is a shoo-in for MIT, but the opposite is also true nobody should think they have no hope. But its pointless to over-think this issue, because you just cant control for all the variables. For what its worth, my Super Getting into MIT Guide goes something like this: 1. Do something that you really care about, and make sure you write about it glowingly on your application. 2. Interview, and dont be lame and fake at said interview. 3. Get good scores on the SAT I and SAT IIs. 4. Take difficult classes at your high school (or even local community college) and get good grades in them. And, of course, you can get into MIT if you only have three of these four characteristics you can get in if you only have two you can get in if you only have one. But even if you have four, youre not a sure thing. My final statistics lesson has to do with something you may have heard that MIT supposedly has a stratospherically high suicide rate. This is a contention supported by the Boston Globe, a group of stellar journalists, Im sure, but not so good at the statistics thing. (I cant find the original Globe article, but the article here makes all the points the original article made.) The Globe basically looked at the MIT suicide rate between 1990 and 1999, compared it to suicide rates at other schools, and decided it was too high. (Lets just say theres a reason the Globe article wasnt published in a scientific journal. Sweeping conclusions backed up by questionable data like that make scientists including me want to bang their heads on hard surfaces.) Now lets look at some problems with the Globes grandiose conclusions: 1. People who successfully commit suicide are significantly more likely to be young and male. In the 1990s, the average MIT student was both those things; since then, the population has famously evened out. (Source here; relevant quote: In fact, MITs suicide rate is below the national average if one adjusts figures for the schools overwhelmingly male student body [during the years of the study].) 2. Moreover, science, engineering, and business students have significantly higher suicide rates than do liberal arts students. MIT undergraduates are almost exclusively science, engineering, and/or business majors. Given that both those things are true, one would expect MIT to have a high suicide rate based on those demographics alone. (Source here; relevant quote: Based on 10 undergraduate suicides over 11 years, the article concludes that suicide is a greater danger at MIT than elsewhere. When one factors in that science and business students have considerably higher suicide rates than liberal arts students, and that male college students kill themselves five times more often than female college students, the figures quoted prove nothing. MIT is cited as currently being composed of 59 percent male students; that fact alone would make the suicide rate differences with most other colleges understandable; but in the early 1990s an even higher percentage of the students at MIT were ma le.) 3. The Globe compared MIT to other schools with engineering programs, which is a terrible control. Other schools have engineering programs, yes, but few other schools have 50% of the undergraduate student body majoring in engineering. If you dont have appropriate controls (and its difficult to think of a school which would be a good control Caltech is science/engineering focused too, but only having one school as the control population would be pretty sketchy.) 4. Statistics like this are terribly vulnerable to small swings in absolute numbers. The absolute number of suicides is very small, and therefore it takes many of them spread over many years to accurately determine whether or not the rate in one place is higher or lower than the rate in another. (Source here; quote: Because of small number statistics, the true suicide rate i.e., that that would be measured by an very large MIT in the limit of an infinite number of students is, to 95% confidence, approximately 100,000*(11 +/- 2*sqrt(11)/48,000). At this level, MITs suicide rate is consistent with the national average it would take approximately another thirty three years in order to obtain a measurement of the MIT suicide rate that could be distinguished from the national average at 95% confidence.) So now you know. Go out, and tell my story to the masses. ;)

Famous Ancient Greek Sculptors

These six sculptors (Myron, Phidias, Polyclitus, Praxiteles, Scopas, and Lysippus) are among the most famous artists in ancient Greece. Most of their work has been lost except as it survives in Roman and later copies. Art during the Archaic Period was stylized  but became more realistic during the Classical Period. The late Classical Period sculpture was three dimensional, made to be viewed from all sides. These and other artists helped move Greek art — from Classic Idealism to Hellenistic Realism, blending in softer elements and emotive expressions.   The two most commonly cited sources for information about Greek and Roman artists are the first century CE writer and scientist Pliny the Elder (who died watching Pompeii erupt) and the second century CE travel writer Pausanias. Myron of Eleutherae 5th C. BCE. (Early Classical Period) An older contemporary of Phidias and Polyclitus, and, like them, also a pupil of Ageladas, Myron of Eleutherae (480–440 BCE) worked chiefly in bronze. Myron is known for his Discobolus (discus-thrower) which had careful proportions and rhythm. Pliny the Elder argued that Myrons most famous sculpture was that of a bronze heifer, supposedly so lifelike it could be mistaken for a real cow. The cow was placed at the Athenian Acropolis between 420–417 BCE, then moved to the Temple of Peace at Rome and then the Forum Taurii in Constantinople. This cow was on view for nearly a thousand years — the Greek scholar Procopius reported that he saw it in the 6th century CE. It was the subject of no less than 36 Greek and Roman epigrams, some of which claimed that the sculpture could be mistaken for a cow by calves and bulls, or that it actually was a real cow, attached to a stone base. Myron can be approximately dated to the Olympiads of the victors whose statues he crafted (Lycinus, in 448, Timanthes in 456, and Ladas, probably 476). Phidias of Athens c. 493–430 BCE (High Classical Period) Phidias (spelled Pheidias or Phydias), the son of Charmides, was a 5th century BCE sculptor known for his ability to sculpt in nearly anything, including stone, bronze, silver, gold, wood, marble, ivory, and chryselephantine. Among his most famous works is the nearly 40-foot tall statue of Athena, made of chryselephantine with plates of ivory upon a core of wood or stone for the flesh and solid gold drapery and ornaments. A statue of Zeus at Olympia was made of ivory and gold and was ranked among one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The Athenian statesman Pericles commissioned several works from Phidias, including sculptures to celebrate the Greek victory at the Battle of Marathon. Phidias is among the sculptors associated with the early use of the Golden Ratio, the Greek representation of which is the letter Phi after Phidias. Phidias the accused of trying to embezzle gold  but proved his innocence. He was charged with impiety, however, and sent to prison where, according to Plutarch, he died. Polyclitus of Argos 5th C. BCE (High Classical Period) Polyclitus (Polycleitus or Polykleitos) created a gold and ivory statue of Hera for the goddesss temple at Argos. Strabo called it the most beautiful rendering of Hera hed ever seen, and it was considered by most ancient writers as one of the most beautiful works of all Greek art. All his other sculptures were in bronze. Polyclitus is also known for his Doryphorus statue (Spear-bearer), which illustrated his book named canon (kanon), a theoretical work on ideal mathematical proportions for human body parts and on the balance between tension and movement, known as symmetry. He sculpted Astragalizontes (Boys Playing at Knuckle Bones) which had a place of honor in the atrium of the Emperor Titus. Praxiteles of Athens c. 400–330 BCE (Late Classical Period) Praxiteles was the son of the sculptor Cephisodotus the Elder, and a younger contemporary of Scopas. He sculpted a great variety of men and gods, both male and female; and he is said to have been the first to sculpt the human female form in a life-sized statue. Praxiteles primarily used marble from the famous quarries of Paros, but he also used bronze. Two examples of Praxiteles work are Aphrodite of Knidos (Cnidos) and Hermes with the Infant Dionysus. One of his works that reflects the change in Late Classical Period Greek art is his sculpture of the god Eros with a sad expression, taking his lead, or so some scholars have said, from a then-fashionable depiction of love as suffering in Athens, and the growing popularity of the expression of feelings in general by painters and sculptors throughout the period. Scopas of Paros 4th C. BCE (Late Classical Period) Scopas was an architect of the Temple of Athena Alea at Tegea, which used all three of the orders (Doric and Corinthian, on the outside and Ionic inside), in Arcadia. Later Scopas made sculptures for Arcadia, which were described by Pausanias. Scopas also worked on the bas-reliefs that decorated the frieze of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus in Caria. Scopas may have made one of the sculptured columns on the temple of Artemis at Ephesus after its fire in 356. Scopas made a sculpture of a maenad in a Bacchic frenzy of which a copy survives. Lysippus of Sicyon 4th C. BCE (Late Classical Period) A metalworker, Lysippus taught himself sculpture by studying nature and Polyclitus canon. Lysippus work is characterized by lifelike naturalism and slender proportions. It has been described as impressionistic. Lysippus was the official sculptor to Alexander the Great. It is said about Lysippus that while others had made men as they were, he had made them as they appeared to the eye. Lysippus is thought not to have had formal artistic training but was a prolific sculptor creating sculptures from tabletop size to colossus. Sources Bellinger, Alfred R. The Late Bronze of Alexandria Troas. Museum Notes (American Numismatic Society) 8 (1958): 25–53. Print.Corso, Antonio. Love as Suffering: The Eros of Thespiae of Praxiteles. Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 42 (1997): 63–91. Print.Lapatin, Kenneth, D. S. Pheidias. American Journal of Archaeology 101.4 (1997): 663–82. Print.Palagia, Olga. Pheidias Epoiesen: Attribution as Value Judgement. Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. Supplement.104 (2010): 97–107. Print.Squire, Michael. Making Myrons Cow Moo? Ecphrastic Epigram and the Poetics of Simulation. The American Journal of Philology 131.4 (2010): 589–634. Print.Stewart, Andrew. Praxiteles. American Journal of Archaeology 111.3 (2007): 565–69. Print.Waldstein, Charles. The Argive Hera of Polycleitus. The Journal of Hellenic Studies 21 (1901): 30–44. Print.Wycherley, R. E. Pausanias and Praxiteles. Hesperia Supplements 20 (1982): 182–91 . Print.

Descriptive Essay - The Football Practice Field - 798 Words

The Beauty of the Football Practice Field Imagine a small town with green trees and windy roads slowly fading into the dobes of the desert that surround its southern border. Along with the desert is a vast mountain range that snuggles against its northern and eastern borders. The heart of this small town is its high school, which resides on the outer edge of the town where the green stops and the dry dobes begin. The school is completely surrounded by dry plains that stretch as far as you can see except for a small oasis of green grass. This small oasis of grass is known to many as the practice field. To those who are merely passing by, it looks like a dying piece of land that has been forgotten. What they dont know is the†¦show more content†¦These are not just two red posts, these are posts that represent hard work and intensity. Also, they remind the team that we have no friends on this menacing field, only opponents and teammates. The odor that accompanies the red post is that of rank water that has been cultiva ting insects for days. In the midst of the dreadful water and the symbolic posts are the mystic mountains that are the backdrop of the field. They stand tall over the pitch and gaze down on the athletes that prepare for battle every day. The sight of the mountains and the surrounding desert are a sight worth seeing, these are not the fields greatest attractions. The first thing that is notice when walking past the red posts is the fields worsening conditions: the worn down patches of grass that have seen more action than the rest, the prairie-dog holes that are a threat to every players mobility, and the bumps and holes in the field that misconstrue its seemingly flat surface. Despite all distinct markings that set this field apart from any other practice fields, there is a sense of pride that the players hold towards the field. This comes from the lessons of life that are taught there. These lessons helped me to grow and understand what teamwork is and how you have to overcome obstacles in life. These are learned through each grueling practice that takes place, with every practice comes conditioning andShow MoreRelatedThe Most Memorable Piece Of Writing Essay1404 Words   |  6 Pageswriters purpose will allow you to see different aspects of an essay than the average person would. Many different aspects play into why someone writes what they write, and that’s what makes their essay memorable. Personally, the most memorable piece of writing that I’ve ever constructed was my college essay for the University of Central Florida, and these exact aspects; exigence, context, constraints, and audience are what helped develop my essay. Read MoreAfrican Americans : The Treatment Of Minority Athletes1433 Words   |  6 Pagescollegiate basketball, and insinuates the beginning of what colored people thought would be the end of racial discrimination in the United States. 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Different Ways of Persuading Free Essays

A few years back, I had a very close friend who never believes that she has the ability to keep up with life. She reiterates that she is ugly and that nobody is going to like her forever. In addition to that, she insists that she is not at all intelligent. We will write a custom essay sample on Different Ways of Persuading or any similar topic only for you Order Now She states that she is useless almost every waking moment of her life. What I did was to show her that I extremely like her; see, according to the â€Å"law of liking†, individuals tend to be fond of someone showing fondness to them as well (Rinke, 2006, n. p. ). My persuasive manner of delivery actually changed her belief that nobody is going to like her (Rinke, 2006, n. p. ). When this same close friend of mine got sick of endometriosis, she did not believe that surgery can help her (Kotelnikov, 2008, n. p. ). What I did was to combine â€Å"trust, logic, and emotions† to convince her to undergo surgery for her sake (Kotelnikov, 2008, n. p. ). I had to tell her that she should trust me and I did that by explaining carefully the procedure of the operation, as well as, the advantages that it will bring her after (Kotelnikov, 2008, n. p. . The tone of my voice, as well as, my body language surely touched her as well since I was able to convince her eventually (Kotelnikov, 2008, n. p. ). There was also a time when she had a terrible family problem (Hogan, 1996, p. 95 – 114). I did not say much, simply because it is enough that I was there to listen and to show her that I care; through the non-verbal communication I carried out, I was able to convince her that her situation is not that bad after all (Hogan, 1996, p. 95 – 114). The gestures, as well as, the eye contacts were convincing enough (Syque, 2007, n. . ). On a final note, in almost all the situations that I have been there with her, I utilized â€Å"reason† to convince her (Hubpages Inc. , 2007, n. p. ). When she told me that she believes all men are bad, I immediately provided her with objective reasons why she should not continue to believe so (Hubpages Inc. , 2007, n. p. ). She was able to draw a commonsensical conclusion eventually after I presented explanations as to why she should not generalize her emotions/perceptions toward men (Hubpages Inc. , 2007, n. p. ). How to cite Different Ways of Persuading, Papers

Socrates Was A Great Philosopher Who Lived In Greece. Socrates Was The

Socrates was a great philosopher who lived in Greece. Socrates was the first of, the great trio of ancient Greece Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, (Encyclopedia Britannica, volume 27). Socrates was born in Athens, Greece in about 470 BC. His father was Sophroniscus, a sculptor, and his mother was Phaenarete. Socrates followed in his fathers footsteps for a while as a sculptor. He designed a statue group of the three graces, which stood at the entrance to the Acropolis until the second century AD. Socrates had a fairly bad appearance. He was stout and not very tall, with prominent eyes, a snub nose, broad nostrils, and a wide mouth (Moulton, Ancient Greece and Rome). Socrates was married late in life to Xanthippe. He had three sons Lamprocles, Sophroniscus, and Menexenus. During the Peloponesian war against Sparta, Socrates bravely served as a hoplite (a heavily armed infantry soldier). He fought in the battles of Potidaea (432-430 BC) where he saved the life of Alcibiades, the battle of Delium (424 BC), and the battle of Amphipolis (422 BC). Socrates liked to argue and debate anything with anyone. He spent most of his time in public places, like the marketplace, arguing with anyone that listened. He enjoyed life immensely and achieved social popularity because of his ready wit and a keen sense of humor that was completely devoid of satire or cynicism (Encarta Encyclopedia 1999). Socrates did not write any books nor did he establish any schools of philosophy. He criticized Athenian education and the teaching ways of the Sophists. Sophists taught things by having the students memorize facts. Socrates thought that if a student asked questions then they would learn better. Socrates did not want to be called a Sophist; instead he was called a philosopher. The basis of his teaching was the concepts of justice, love, and virtue. He believed that no person is willingly bad and that virtue is knowledge and those who know the right will act rightly. This type of thinking was called the Socratic method. One of Socrates pupils was Plato, who in turn taught Aristotle. Through the writings of these philosophers, Socrates profoundly affected the entire subsequent course of Western speculative thought (Encarta 99). Socrates also taught Anisthenes, who founded the Cynic school of philosophy, and Aristippus who founded the Cyrenaic school of hedonism. Socrates criticized democracy. He thought that it wasnt smart to elect unskilled people as rulers. After all, we do not elect doctors or ship pilots why should we elect rulers? he said. Socrates drew crowds when he mocked the government. Through his teaching and actions he made many enemies in the government. Socrates was arrested in 399 BC for impiety. At his trial the prosecutor Meletus said he was neglecting the gods of the state and introducing new ones (this was because Socrates believed in a mystical inner voice called the daemonion), and corrupting the morals of the young, leading them away from the principals of democracy. Socrates was convicted by a vote of 280 to 220, and Meletus asked for the death penalty, and the jury concurred by a small margin. Socrates, according to Athenian legal practice, was supposed to make a counter-proposition, which he did only for forms sake. He suggested a fine of one mina but raised it to thirty because his friends told him to. This further angered the jury, which voted to sentence him to death by an even wider margin. The customary procedure of execution was to drink a poison made from the bark of the hemlock tree. This was supposed to be done within 24 hours but there was an unexpected delay of a month. During his prison stay his friends frequently visited Socrates. One friend, Crito, proposed an escape plan, but Socrates refused. He decided that the verdict had been given fairly and he would go through with the sentence. Socrates drank the hemlock and died in 399 BC. Socrates still influences the way we think today. Socrates thought that to be really happy, people had to find perfection in their souls, and the better that their souls were then the happier they were. He also thought that people should think about what they think about and why. Many of

A extensive book revew on Animal Farm by George Orwell and its symbolism to the Russian Revolution

A extensive book revew on Animal Farm by George Orwell and its symbolism to the Russian Revolution Book Review: Animal Farm: A Fairy StoryBy George OrwellPublisher: Harcourt Brace Company; 1946The content of the novel Animal Farm by George Orwell is satirical to the RussianRevolution. The narrative is developed by means of an establishment of events that correlatedirectly to changes that occurred in Russia [mainly] in the early 1900's. The events andcharacters in the book are comparative to important figures and affairs in the RussianRevolution. Although Orwell wrote the book to clearly reflect that distinct era, this novel can alsobe viewed as an allegory on any revolution. Through this generalized approach to thepresentation of the novel, Orwell creates a more identifiable way in which to explore thehappenstance of the Russian Revolution, while simultaneously creating a completely individualtrain of events.The novel takes place on a farm called "Manor Farm". In the initial stages of the book,the power over the farm is directly in the hands of a certain "Mr.Stalin's Grave by the Kremlin Wall NecropolisJones" who in recent times hastaken up alcohol consumption. Mr.Jones is parallel to Tsar Nicholas II as suggested by hisantipathy toward his people (the farm animals, in Jones' situation) and his denial of the currentbureaucratic state. Before his abdication in 1917 (as is parallel to Jones' escapement from hisspiteful farm of animals), the Tsar is known to have partaken in excess alcohol consumptionalong with his men. It was for this same reason that Jones has lost control of the farm, whichinitiates the ideal of revolution to the animals. Old Major stirs the other animals by showing hisdisagreement as per Jones' selfish method of running the farm. As quoted in the book, "Manis the only creature that consumes without producing. He does not give milk, he does not...

How to Become a Speech Writer

How to Become a Speech Writer How to Become a Speech Writer A speech writer is responsible for writing speeches for public either on the freelance basis or within a company holding the appropriate working position. Despite the popular opinion, not only politics use these type of services. Thus, speech writer can help at the public event, business meeting, debates, wedding, birthday, or even bar mitzvah. Speech writing requires excellent language skills, erudition, and understanding psychology. However, once you decided to obtain this profession, there are few specific tips on how to become a speech writer. Speech writing can become a challenging endeavor for both a beginner and an experienced writer. Writing a speech is a peculiar skill that differs a lot from fiction or journalism. Thus, the first task of the speech is to directly address to the target audience summoning to action or sympathy. If the audience is not touched with the words from the stage, it means that the speech is ineffective, therefore, the goal is not achieved. That is why, if you want to become a successful speech writer, you have to develop your skills in psychology, linguistic, politics, culture, and many other fields depending on the topic of your speech. Usually, writers consider typical speech-writers as people who write only for politicians. This is a false conclusion owing to the fact that speeches are required in various situations. For instance, business executives, athletes, philanthropists, PR agents also need strong speeches in order to be within the public focus as well as in the middle of attention of the employers. There are some practical recommendations on how to become a speech writer: Gain insight into the related field. A professional speech writer is a credible writer and it has to be proven. University degree in English, communications, journalism, and political science are all related to having the best writing skills which are literacy, quick typing, and ability to make writing structured and understandable. Start volunteering. In this way, an incentive writer can offer to write speeches for community groups on the free basis. Thus, it is possible to tailor writing skills and find out typical mistakes which can be revealed by other people who ordered certain speech. Get acquainted with the right people. Consequently, frequent writing will turn attention of the people who can provide career help in future and get new orders. Seek for speech writers who can provide mentorship and transcend some experience on your writing. All in all, speech writing relies on experience, and the best adviser is the practicing writer who knows all the current tendencies in public perception. Read reliable manuals, tutorials, or even researches on the topic of speech writing. There is a lot of literature about effective writing from experts in the field. Find inspiration in advertising where you have only a few words to deliver a message to the audience. Learn more about psychological linguistics, this realm contains valuable ideas to improve your writing. Try to analyze. Analyze the famous speeches on your own, providing the explanation of the success of the speech. After that, compare own analysis to the one, made by a professional. Look into history, because there are many fateful speeches that influenced our society. Nevertheless, track modern time and listen to the speeches of present world leaders on current events, be attentive to every detail. A successful speech can change the world history. However, a sincere wedding speech can change a small family history, which is a great success as well. Being a professional speech writer requires a constant education in a variety of fields, but what really matters is the talent to influence people’s minds only with words.

Demographic Transition Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Demographic Transition - Assignment Example It finally stabilizes in the fourth stage of the demographic transition, as a result of low both birth and death rates. Consequently, most of the developing countries are in this stage. Introduction They are several theories and models describing population dynamics. One of these models is demographic Transition model. It refers to the change of high birth rates and death rates to low birth rates and death rates, as a country grows from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system. It focuses on the changes in the population from unstable to where it stabilizes. Demographic Transition refers to the change from high birth rates and death rates to low birth rates and death rates, as a country grows from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system. It is normally represented by a demographic transition model. This model gives a description of population change over time. It  has a basis on an interpretation by the American demographer Warren Thompson that begun in 1 929, of the observed transitions, or changes, in birth and death rates in industrialized societies throughout the past two hundred years or so (Caldwell,et al, 2006). The demographic transition model has four stages which are commonly classified as; pre-modern, urbanizing/industrializing, mature industrial and post industrial. Stage one is related with pre modern times, it also seen as the pre-industrial society. It is characterized by a balance between birth and death rates that is high birth rates and death rates that are roughly in balance. It is believed that all human population experienced this until late 18thcentury when Western Europe broke the balance. Since both birth and death rates were roughly equal and high, population growth in this stage is very slow. Actually, the growth rate we less than 0.05% for over 10,000years since Agricultural Revolution (Caldwell,et al, 2006). This characteristic gave this stage a name â€Å"High Stationary Stage† of population growth . The high death rate in this stage is as a result of; occasional food shortages and inadequate knowledge of disease prevention and cure. On the other end, high birth rates were as a result of high fertility rates. This stage is refers to as the urbanizing or industrializing stage. Here, population increases as there is a fall in death rate while birth rates remain the high. In Europe, the changes leading to this stage was the 18th century Agricultural Revolution, were initially slow. However, the fall in death rates in developing countries in the 20th century tended to be substantially faster. The death rate decline is due initially to two factors; higher agricultural practice and better transportation which has brought forth improvement food supply, thus prevented deaths brought about by lack of water and starvation. These agricultural improvements include selective breeding, crop rotation and seed drill technology. Another factor is the improvement of public health; this reduces mortality especially in childhood. These improvements include; improvement in sewerage, water supply, general personal hygiene and food handling. Apart from lo death rate the stage is characterized by changing age structure of the population. The third stage, move the population towards stability though birth rate decline. There are various

The History of Love by Nicole Krauss Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The History of Love by Nicole Krauss - Essay Example The History of Love is a novel that revolves around the lives of three people. One of them is Leo Gursky, an ageing man living in perpetual fear of losing his life and feeling that this will happen unnoticed. He prepares for death in a shabby apartment in downtown Manhattan. The second is Leo, a Jew who made his way out of Poland as the Nazi advanced during the 2nd World War. When the author introduces Gursky, he seems to be weary of life after all that he has lost. While he lived in Poland, he was in love with a girl named Alma, to whom he had written a book and named all the female characters in the book after, a book also called â€Å"The History of Love†. However, Leo lost Alma when she moved to America and married someone else after she thought him dead in the Nazi Holocaust. Later on, when Leo moves to America, he leaves this novel to a friend who later tells him that he lost it. Although, Leo is able to survive the Nazi and their war and finally gets to the United State s, he does not have anything left. This is because he has lost the woman he loved and the book in which he chronicled all the memorable incidences that happened in his life. The novel arouses a feeling of sympathy for the losses that this kind man has experienced (Kuster 33). Alone in his house, in Manhattan, having lost the son that he loved so much, he is representative of what happens during old age, and what old people go through regarding their memories of loss. Leo finds it impossible to get over his love and loss of Alma and cannot move on with his life. The loss he felt when Alma left was a lot, however, he still loves her as much when she becomes an old woman, losing her life in a hospital as he did when she was eleven years of age. As she dies, Leo is again confronted by loss and he goes to sit by her side every day during after-hours while telling her jokes: â€Å"She was tiny and wrinkled and deaf as a door knob. There was so much I should have said†¦. yet I told h er jokes† (Krauss 65). When considering the theme of loss in The History of Love, it is impossible not to notice the way that the author uses language to chronicle the feelings of loss. "She was gone, and all that was left was the space you'd grown around her, like a tree that grows around a fence. For a long time, it remained hollow. Years, maybe, and when at last it was filled again, you knew that the new love you felt for a woman would have been impossible without Alma. If it weren't for her, there would never have been an empty space or the need to fill it" (Krauss 189). The passage in the novel is a stark description of the feeling of loss, as well as the feeling of void after as a distraught Leo Gursky experienced it. After Leo Gursky had settled, in America, he got himself a job as a locksmith at a shop owned and run by his cousin. As the years pass by, Leo Gursky grows old and begins to lose his health in terms of his heart becomes weaker. He becomes lonely and frighte ned in regards to his unfulfilled life and losses, which he suffers (Kuster 43). He watches on as the son he lost grows up and becomes a renowned writer before he loses him when he grows old and passes away. He has had to do all this from a distance since he lost his son’s love. He earlier stated that he had a son named Isaac who is not aware of his existence. As an old man, Leo attempts to do anything with the aim of making sure that when he dies; he is not forgotten, the memories others have of him are not lost and he does not die as an invisible man. He poses nude for various arts classes, hassles the deliverymen and spills milk at a Starbucks store. He does these to ensure that people remember him and his life does not get lost. He continues with his life, but does not know

Discrimination Against Those with AIDS :: Discrimination AIDS

Discrimination has grown over the years to be a major problem around the world. There are many different issues that discrimination addresses. One of the main issues that it evaluates is HIV/AIDS. Many people who are infected with the disease are discriminated against for something that they cannot control after they are diagnosed. More specifically, insurance companies and employers are one of the big factors in discrimination of these people in the work place. It is very important to them because they need the money in order to live and they need to coverage in order to stay healthy. Many people go through this battle of live with companies in order to survive, like Devin a middle aged man. These are very important issues that needs to be evaluated closely at and also their needs to be a solution for this problem in the world today. The Issue Do insurance companies and employers discriminate against people after they are informed that a person has HIV/AIDS? This is an important question at issue because many people and their loved ones are affected with terminal diseases, such as HIV/AIDS. Also, it is important because they are treated with disrespectful and it is not how any human being should be treated or cared for. They are regular looking and acting humans that happen to be infected with this horrific disease and that is the sole reason that they are being discriminated against. The public is unaware that they will not get the disease by touching the victim or using the same products or utensils as them. The only way that they could catch the disease from anyone is if they have sexual relations with them or if the share needles by taking drugs with someone who is infected with the virus. â€Å"Two decades after HIV first appeared an estimated 30 million people worldwide have contracted the virus; 11.7 million people have dies of AIDS† (Frankowski xi). This deadly virus has continually and rapidly spread to all different people. Around the world this virus is a major problem and is affecting more women and children then ever before. Although when this disease first appeared it was male dominated, but they have passed it on to the women and in which case they pass on to their children when they are in the womb.

APA Essay Format †Most Commonly Used Citations

APA Essay Format – Most Commonly Used Citations Full APA Referencing and Formatting Guide for College StudentsWhat is APA Referencing Style using APA Essay Format?The APA referencing style refers to the American Psychological Association format that is used in colleges and universities around the worlds for writing essays, dissertations, and coursework. It is more common college writing formats in nursing colleges, business-related, or social sciences courses. The latest guide of APA essay format is the 6th edition, and has strict rules on citing a research paper sources, formatting reference lists, and creating chapters, sub chapters, and figures. Below, you will learn how to format your APA essay format using 6th edition and list your sources.General Rules of APA 6th StyleThe main parts of your APA paper are: Title page Abstract (if required) Body of the essay References List of figures (if required) List of tables (of required) Appendices (if required)Title Page in APA Referencing StyleIn APA style, you will need to include a title page that includes the following APA headings section: Title of the paper The author’s name Institution On the title page, you will need to format your header differently than the rest of the paper as follows: â€Å"Running head: TITLE OF YOUR PAPER† on the top right corner of the page. On the rest of the paper, you will only have to include the title, without the â€Å"Running head†.For additional details, you can review a title page template right here:What is an abstract page and how to write good Abstract APAAPA Essay FormatThe abstract of your essay needs to include the page header, and the keywords along with a short synopsis of the essay, in 150-250 words.How to Format Your APA Paper – Essay BodyThe main body of the APA paper has to include headings to correctly format the content. Level 1 headings are centred, bold, and title case. Level 2 headings are aligned left and bold. Level 3 headings are bold, indented, and lowercase, with a full stop at the end. Indent all new paragraphs when introducing a new idea. Do not add extra space between paragraphs.References: APA Bibliography FormatYou always have to include your references in your APA style paper. The general rules of referencing are as follows: Reference all authors consulted writing the paper. List your sources in an alphabetical order Use the following format:APA in text Citation – Referencing StyleGeneral APA referencing rules Provide the page number for all direct quotes, and use quotation marks If direct quotations are longer than 40 words, use a ? inch indentation for the entire quote If you are paraphrasing a statement made by an author, always include the page number. If there are no page numbers as you are citing a website, use the paragraph number instead in the following format: â€Å"para. 1†. Citing more than one source If you would like ot know how to cite more than one source in a sentence apa then remember that you shoudl list all the sources separated by â€Å";†. Referencing work with one author When referencing a work with one author, you simply use their surname. For two authors, connect the two names with a â€Å"&† sign. Referencing multiple authors When mentioning the work of three to five authors, mention all of their surnames the first time, and only write the first author’s name when you mention the same work again, followed by the â€Å"et al.† abbreviation. Make sure that you do not put a period after the â€Å"et†. For six or more authors, always use â€Å"et al.† after the first author’s name from the first instance. Referencing an unkown author When referencing a work from an unknown author, use the title of the paper instead. If the paper is written by an author identified as â€Å"Anonymous†, use this instead of the surname. Referecning personal communication If you are referring to personal communication, reference it with the name, followed by â€Å"personal communication†, and the exact date.Reference Page APA 6th Referencing GuideWhen writing your reference page, make sure you keep an alphabetical order based on the last name of the authors. If you quote multiple sources from the same author, list the references in chronological order. The name of the authors in APA 6th referencing is inverted, therefore, you list the surname first, and the first name second. Use a hanging indentation for each reference, with no indent on the first line and indentation for the following lines that belong to the same source. See an some APA citation examples and reference list below:Listing Special SourcesMotion Pictures APA Referencing List the name of the directors and producers followed by â€Å"(director)† and â€Å"(producer)†, followed by the production date. the title of the movie in Italics, and the location of the file, DVD, online resource, or tape. Music Recordings APA Citation Use the songwriter’s and the singer’s name followed by the year and title, format, and location of the recording. If the recording has a publisher, list this, as well as the city where the music was publisted, Online Periodicals APA Essay format Use the same APA Essay format for listing the source as normal journal articles, however, if there is a DOI assigned, this is required in the reference. If there is no DOI, you must list the url where the article is available, after adding â€Å"Retrieved from†.Word of Caution when Using APA Bibliography FormatWhen citing longer works, such as journals or books, use italics for the title. Do not use quotes for titles, or italicise the title of shorter works. Never abbreviate the name of the journal: always list it as full, with title case. In APA Essay Format 6th edition, not all online journal articles need a URL address, and if you can locate the DOI number, you need to use this instead. Make sure that when you list unpublished manuscripts, you state this in your APA reference list. Check the special requirements for each paper before starting to write your APA paper.Where to Get More Help on How to Write an APA essay?There are so many resources on the web that goes into a lot of detail about APA format. We feel that students struggle the most with time or in the case of dissertation writing, they struggle with coming up with Dissertation Topics. From that point onwards, students can either manage OR for more precise help they can reach out to one of our site qualified writers. Just to give you an example Owl at purdue and their writing lab has done a lot of work to provide good resources. You can check it out by reviewing Owl at Purdue link provided here. In some cases, APA referencing and formatting can be challenging for students, and they come across sources they are not sure how to reference. While Cite This for Me is a good tool, it does not include all types of APA references. our site has several qualified and experienced academic writers, researchers, and guides who are happy to answer your questions. Submit your query on the our site website and get help with APA referencing and formatting. Our friendly writers and support staff are happy to assist you. Related Articles – https://our site.com/journal/2013/03/how-to-use-references-in-your-essays/Do you need help writing your Dissertation? Order Dissertation Today OR Call Now 855-997-2158Summary Article Name APA Essay Format Description Learn how to use APA style to reference using most commonly used sources. Author Laura our site Admin Publisher Name our site Publisher Logo

Metabolism Definition in Chemistry

Metabolism is the set of biochemical reactions involved in storing fuel molecules and converting fuel molecules into energy. Metabolism may also refer to the sequence of biochemical reactions compounds undergo inside a living cell. The word metabolism comes from the Greek word metabolē, which means change. Anabolism and Catabolism Metabolism or metabolic reactions include anabolic reactions and catabolic reactions. Anabolic reactions synthesize or build compounds, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Catabolic reactions break down complex molecules into simpler ones, often releasing energy in the process. A good example of a catabolic reaction is the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate by cellular respiration. Functions of Metabolism Metabolism serves three key functions: It converts food into the energy required to run the cell and the body.It converts food into building blocks used to make molecules the cell and body need.It eliminates nitrogenous wastes. History The study of metabolism dates back at least to the time of the ancient Greeks. Aristotles The Parts of Animals described the process of transforming food into usable materials, the release of heat as food was used, and the excretion of urine and feces. In 1260 AD, Ibn al-Nafis described the constant building and dissolution within the body in his work Al-Risalah al-Kaniliyyah fil Siera al-Nabawiyyah (The Treatise of Kamil on the Prophets Biography). Santorio Santorio conducted controlled experiments on metabolism in 1614, which he outlined in his book Ars de statica medicina. The chemical mechanisms of metabolism werent really understood until the 19th century, while the structures of the molecules werent known until the 20th century. Sources Berg, J.; Tymoczko, J.; Stryer, L. (2002). Biochemistry. W. H. Freeman and Company. ISBN 0-7167-4955-6.Rose, S.; Mileusnic, R. (1999). The Chemistry of Life. Penguin Press Science. ISBN 0-14-027273-9.